Mpox Declared Global Health Emergency Again Amid Surge in Congo
August 15, 2024 – Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, has once again been declared a global health emergency following a significant surge in cases in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This resurgence is particularly concerning due to the emergence of a new lineage, known as clade Ib, which has shown more efficient human-to-human transmission, especially through sexual networks.
The virus first drew worldwide attention in 2022, when it rapidly spread across numerous countries outside of Africa, predominantly affecting men who have sex with men. Although global cases had decreased, the situation in Congo has worsened dramatically, with more than 15,000 known infections and hundreds of deaths reported this year alone. The virus’s spread beyond Congo’s borders into neighboring countries like Burundi, Kenya, and Uganda has heightened global concern.
There are two main types of the mpox virus: clade I, which has historically circulated in Congo and is associated with more severe disease and higher mortality rates, and clade II, which was responsible for the global outbreak in 2022. Clade I’s newer strain, clade Ib, is particularly worrisome due to its increased transmissibility and potential to cause another worldwide outbreak.
Scientists and health officials are urging for more robust surveillance and better access to vaccines and treatments, particularly in Africa, where resources are limited. A recent study has shown that TPOXX, an antiviral drug used successfully in other regions, may not be effective against clade I, underscoring the need for new medical interventions.
With the World Health Organization’s declaration of a global emergency, there is hope that international efforts will intensify to contain the spread of mpox and prevent a repeat of the devastating outbreaks seen in recent years.